Secondary Forests and Fallow Vegetation in the Agricultural

Keywords	Slash-and-burn, chop-and-mulch, fire-free land preparation, fallow enrichment, shifting cultivation, bush chopper, management of organic matter, mulch-based farming system, on-farm research
Countries	Brazil, Eastern Amazon
Objectives	Ad hoc the management techniques of the proposed mulch based systems should contribute: to an improved use of the secondary vegetation as a source of organic matter and nutrients, to the temporal maintenance or even shortening of the fallow period without affecting the regenerative function of the fallow. In the long run they should contribute: to avoid farmers' migration to new colonization frontiers, i.e. the primary forests, to avoid migrations to the outskirts of the cities, to contribute to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the northeast of the state of Pará.
Methodology	3-phased approach: Exploratory phase to study strengths and weaknesses of the traditional shifting cultivation system of the eastern Amazon region and to identify points of improvement Solution oriented phase to develop alternative technologies a) replacing slash-burning by the fire-free alternative of chopping and mulching the fallow vegetation and b) improving the fallow by enrichment planting with fast-growing tree legumes Implementation oriented phase seeks to develop and assess implementation strategies aimed at the diffusion of the improvements by a multidisciplinary approach that includes natural sciences as well as social sciences and a participatory approach that includes farmers in the decision taking process.
Team Members	Head of Project: Prof. Dr. Paul Vlek Coordinators: Dr. Konrad Vielhauer, Dr. Manfred Denich Further Team Members: Lubica Paparcíková Bart Wickel José H. Cattanio Francisco Romualdo de Sousa Filho Christoph Gehring Dr. N. C. van de Giesen Prof. Dr. Joachim von Braun Email to Dr. Bettina Hedden-Dunkhorst Dr. Thomas Hurtienne Jan Börner Arisbe Mendoza-Escalante
Partner Institutions / Funding Organizations	Agroforestry Research Center of the Eastern Amazon (Embrapa Amazônia Oriental), http://www.cpatu.embrapa.br Institute of Agricultural Engineering (University of Göttingen), http://www.gwdg.de/~uaat/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), http://www.bmbf.de
Publications	Denich,M.; Block,A.; Lücke,W.; Vlek,P.L.G. (1998) A bush chopper for mulch production in fallow-based agriculture and resource conservation. In: Proceedings of the Third SHIFT-Workshop, Manaus, Brazil, Eds. Lieberei, Reinhard, Bianchi, Helmut, Voss, Karsten, Lieberei, Reinhard, Voss, Karsten, Bianchi, Helmut, Lieberei, Reinhard, Voss, Karsten, and Bianchi, Helmut. pp. 61-66 Denich,M.; Vlek,P.L.G.; Sá,T.D.d.A.; Vielhauer,K.; Lücke,W. (2002) A concept for the development of fire-free fallow management in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. (submitted to Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment) Denich,M.; Vlek,P.L.G.; Vielhauer,K.; Fölster,H. (1999) Potential und Dynamik der Kohlenstofffestlegung in traditionellen und modifizierten Brachesystemen des östlichen Amazonasgebiets. In: Tropentag: "Stabilisierung und nachhaltige Entwicklung land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Systeme in den Tropen", Göttingen, Germany 1998, Göttinger Beiträge zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen, 133, pp. 165-173 Denich,M.; Kanashiro,M.; Vlek,P.L.G. (2000) The potential and dynamics of carbon sequestration in traditional and modified fallow systems of the Eastern Amazon region, Brazil. In: Global Climate Change and Tropical Ecosystems, Eds. Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., and Stewart, B. A. Boca Raton - FL, USA, CRC Press, pp. 213-229 Eckelmann, J.; Denich, M. 2001. Research for the Rain Forest - Alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture for small holders in Amazonia. Video documentation, 20 min., Eule Film, Quedlinburg. Gehring,C.; Denich,M.; Kanashiro,M.; Vlek,P.L.G. (1999) Response of secondary vegetation in Eastern Amazonia to relaxed nutrient availability constraints. Biogeochemistry, 45, 3, pp. 223-241 Kato,M.d.S.A.; Kato,O.R.; Denich,M.; Vlek,P.L.G. (1999) Fire-free alternatives to slash-and-burn for shifting cultivation in the eastern Amazon region: The role of fertilizers. Field Crops Research, 62, pp. 225-237 Rodrigues,G.S.; Kitamura,P.C.; Sá,T.D.d.A.; Vielhauer,K. (2002) Sustainability assessment of slash-and-burn and fire-free agriculture in Northeastern Pará, Brazil. (ready for submission), Sommer,R.; Denich,M.; Vlek,P.L.G. (2000) Carbon storage and root penetration in deep soils under small-farmer land-use systems in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, Plant and Soil, 219, 1/2, pp. 231-241 Sommer,R.; Sá,T.D.d.A.; Vielhauer,K.; Araújo,A.C.d.; Fölster,H.; Vlek,P.L.G. (30-4-2002) Transpiration and canopy conductance of secondary vegetation in the eastern Amazon. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 112, 2, pp. 103-121 Sommer,R.; Sá,T.D.d.A.; Vielhauer,K.; Pantoja,R.d.F.R.; Vlek,P.L.G. (2002) Nutrient balance of shifting cultivation with and without burning - evidence for subsoil nutrient accumulation. (submitted to Journal of Tropical Ecology) Vielhauer,K.; Kanashiro,M.; Sá,T.D.d.A.; Denich,M. (1998) Technology development of slash-and-mulch and of fallow enrichment in shifting cultivation systems of the Eastern Amazon. In: Proceedings of the Third SHIFT-Workshop, Manaus, Brazil, Eds. Lieberei, Reinhard, Voss, Karsten, and Bianchi, Helmut. pp. 49-59 Vielhauer,K.; Denich,M.; Sá,T.D.d.A.; Kato,O.R.; Kato,M.d.S.A.; Brienza Jr.,S.; Vlek,P.L.G. (2001) Land-use in a mulch-based farming system of small holders in the Eastern Amazon. In: Proceedings of the Deutscher Tropentag (Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development) "One World: Research for a better quality of life", Bonn, Germany, Bonn, University of Bonn, pp. 1-9 Vlek,P.L.G.; Kühne,R.F.; Denich,M. (1997) Nutrient resources for crop production in the tropics. Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond.B, 352, pp. 975-985 Vlek,P.L.G.; Serrão,E.A.d.S.; Fölster,H. (1998) Secondary forests and fallow vegetation in the Eastern Amazon region - a brief overview of the project approach. In: Proceedings of the Third SHIFT-Workshop, Manaus, Brazil, Eds. Lieberei, Reinhard, Voss, Karsten, and Bianchi, Helmut. pp. 45-48 See also http://www.shift-capoeira.uni-bonn.de/en/publications.html
Workshops / Conferences	1st SHIFT Workshop on Studies on Human Impact of forests and Floodplains in the Tropics, Belém, Brazil March 8-13 1993 2nd SHIFT Workshop on Studies on Human Impact of forests and Floodplains in the Tropics, Cuiaba, Brazil, July 10-14 1995 3rd SHIFT Workshop on Studies on Human Impact of forests and Floodplains in the Tropics, Manaus, Brazil, March 15-19 1998 Seminário sobre manejo da vegetação secundária para a sustendabilidade da agricultura familiar da Amazônia oriental, Belém, Brazil, September 8-9 1999 German Brazilian Workshop on Neotropical Ecosystems: Achievement and Prospects of Cooperative Research, Hamburg, Germany, September 3-8 2000
Duration of the Project	September 1991 to August 2003, since September 1999 at ZEF
Contact	Email to Dr. Konrad Vielhauer, Email to Dr. Manfred Denich

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